Literal translation and dynamic (meaning-based) translation are two ways to translate text from one language to another. Here's how they are different:
Literal Translation
Definition: This type of translation changes the text word-for-word from one language to another.
Characteristics:
Word-for-Word: It tries to keep the exact words and structure of the original text.
-Pros: Good for understanding exactly what the original text says.
-Cons: Can sound awkward or strange in the new language because different languages have different ways of saying things.
Examples:
Original (Spanish): "Llover a cántaros."
- Literal English Translation: "To rain pitchers."
- Dynamic English Translation: "To rain heavily."
Dynamic (Meaning-Based) Translation
Definition: This type of translation focuses on the meaning of the text, not the exact words.
Characteristics:
Meaning-Focused: It changes the words and structure to make sense and sound natural in the new language.
- Pros: Easier to read and understand, sounds more natural.
- Cons: Might not be as precise about the exact words of the original text.
Examples
Original (German): "Das ist nicht mein Bier."
- Literal English Translation: "That is not my beer."
- Dynamic English Translation: "That is not my problem."
When to Use Literal vs Dynamic Translation
- Literal Translation: Used when you need to know exactly what the original text says, like in technical manuals or legal documents.
- Dynamic Translation: Used when you want the text to be easy to read and understand, like in stories, conversations, or advertisements.
In short, literal translation sticks closely to the original words, while dynamic translation makes sure the meaning is clear and natural in the new language.